The Rise and Fall of the Briti essays

The Rise and Fall of the Briti essays Britain began to become an empire as early as the seventeenth century, and it lasted until the mid nineteenth century. The Empire survived many obstacles and rulers. Some rulers however strengthened the Empire and Britain in general. During the seventeenth century Britain fought several very successful wars against the Dutch, French and Spanish. As Kelley Ross claims in her article The Worlds Greatest Empires, these campaigns left Britain with much of the eastern coast of North America, the St. Lawrence Basin in Canada, parts of Africa for slave acquisition, areas of the Caribbean and political interests in India (24). At this point the British Empire had begun formation. The Empire lasted through many rulers, gathering more colonies and power with the passage of time. However, no ruler controlled and caused as much growth in the vast empire as Queen Victoria. The British Empire was formed with mercantilist ideas, headed by Cromwell and the Stuarts; however the empire was at its peak during the reign of Queen Victoria. But because of twentieth century superpowers like Germany and the USSR, as well as uprisings in attempts at independence by many of Britains colonies, the Empire fell in the mid twentieth century. The growth of the British Empire was due in large part to the ongoing competition for resources and markets which existed over a period of centuries between England and her Continental rivals, Spain, France, and Holland (Sears 23). Englands first empire was a mercantilist one, led by both Cromwell and the Stuarts. They outlined ideas for the further colonization of Europe, and their mercantilist views held true until the late eighteenth century. As R.A Huttenback, author of The British Imperial Experience writes, the first British Empire came to an end after the American Revolution. However the purpose and policies of the Empire stayed the same (26-27). They were to gain ...

Battle of Borodino During the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Borodino During the Napoleonic Wars The Battle of Borodino was fought on September 7, 1812, during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Battle of Borodino Background Assembling La Grande Armà ©e in eastern  Poland,  Napoleon prepared to renew hostilities with Russia in mid-1812. Though great efforts had been made by the French to procure the needed supplies for the effort, barely enough had been collected to sustain a short campaign. Crossing the Niemen River with a massive force of nearly 700,000 men, the French advanced in several columns and hoped to forage for additional supplies. Personally leading the central force, numbering around 286,000 men, Napoleon sought to engage and defeat Count Michael Barclay de Tollys main Russian army. Armies Commanders Russians General Mikhail Kutuzov120,000 men French Napoleon I130,000 men Precursors to the Battle It was hoped that by winning a decisive victory and annihilating Barclays force that the campaign could be brought to a speedy conclusion. Driving into Russian territory, the French moved swiftly. The speed of the French advance along with political infighting among the Russian high command prevented Barclay from establishing a defensive line. As a result, Russian forces remained uncommitted which prevented Napoleon from engaging in the large-scale battle he sought. As the Russians retreated, the French increasingly found forage harder to obtain and their supply lines growing longer. These soon came under attack by Cossack light cavalry and the French quickly began consuming the supplies that were on hand. With Russian forces in retreat, Tsar Alexander I lost confidence in Barclay and replaced him with Prince Mikhail Kutuzov on August 29. Assuming command, Kutuzov was forced to continue the retreat. Trading land for time soon began to favor the Russians as Napoleons command dwindled down to 161,000 men through starvation, straggling, and disease. Reaching Borodino, Kutuzov was able to turn and form a strong defensive position near the Kolocha and Moskwa Rivers. The Russian Position While Kutuzovs right was protected by the river, his line extended south through ground broken by woods and ravines and ended at the village of Utitza. To strengthen his line, Kutuzov ordered the construction of a series of field fortifications, the largest of which was the 19-gun Raevsky (Great) Redoubt in the center of his line. To the south, an obvious avenue of attack between two wooded areas was blocked by a series of open-backed fortifications known as flà ¨ches. In front of his line, Kutuzov constructed the Shevardino Redoubt to block the French line of advance, as well as detailed light troops to hold Borodino. The Fighting Begins Though his left was weaker, Kutuzov placed his best troops, Barclays First Army, on his right as he was expecting reinforcements in this area and hoped to swing across the river to strike the French flank. In addition, he consolidated nearly half his artillery into a reserve which he hoped to use at a decisive point. On September 5, the cavalry forces of the two armies clashed with the Russians ultimately falling back. The next day, the French launched a massive assault on the Shevardino Redoubt, taking it but sustaining 4,000 casualties in the process. The Battle of Borodino Assessing the situation, Napoleon was advised by his marshals to swing south around the Russian left at Utitza. Ignoring this advice, he instead planned a series of frontal assaults for September 7. Forming a Grand Battery of 102 guns opposite the flà ¨ches, Napoleon commenced a bombardment of Prince Pyotr Bagrations men around 6:00 AM. Sending the infantry forward, they succeeded in driving the enemy from the position by 7:30, but were swiftly pushed back by a Russian counterattack. Additional French assaults re-took the position, but the infantry came under heavy fire from Russian guns. As the fighting continued, Kutuzov moved reinforcements to the scene and planned another counterattack. This was subsequently broken up by French artillery which had been moved forward. While fighting raged around the flà ¨ches, French troops moved against the Raevsky Redoubt. While assaults came directly against the redoubts front, additional French troops drove Russian jaegers (light infantry) out of Borodino and attempted to cross the Kolocha to the north. These troops were driven back by the Russians, but a second attempt to cross the river succeeded. With support from these troops, the French to the south were able to storm the Raevsky Redoubt. Though the French took the position, they were pushed out by a determined Russian counterattack as Kutuzov fed troops into the battle. Around 2:00 PM, a massive French assault succeeded in securing the redoubt. Despite this achievement, the assault had disorganized the attackers and Napoleon was forced to pause. During the fighting, Kutuzovs massive artillery reserve played a little role as its commander had been killed. To the far south, both sides battled over Utitza, with the French finally taking the village. As the fighting lulled, Napoleon moved forward to assess the situation. Though his men had triumphed, they had been badly bled. Kutuzovs army worked to reform on a series of ridges to the east and was largely intact. Possessing only the French Imperial Guard as a reserve, Napoleon elected not to make a final push against the Russians. As a result, Kutuzovs men were able to withdraw from the field on September 8. Aftermath The fighting at Borodino cost Napoleon around 30,000-35,000 casualties, while the Russians suffered around 39,000-45,000. With the Russians retreating in two columns towards Semolino, Napoleon was free to advance and capture  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Moscow on September 14. Entering the city, he expected the Tsar to offer his surrender. This was not forthcoming and Kutuzovs army remained in the field. Possessing an empty city and lacking supplies, Napoleon was forced to begin his long and costly retreat west that October. Returning to friendly soil with around 23,000 men, Napoleons massive army had effectively been destroyed in the course of the campaign. The French army never fully recovered from the losses suffered in Russia. Sources Napoleon Guide: Battle of BorodinoBattle of Borodino, 1812War Times Journal: Battle of Borodino

Reading Responses and Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Responses and Replies - Essay Example Workforce writing is oriented to complete a job-related task; while college writing enables students to explore their thoughts. No wonder, analysis reports at the workplace are very short since managers do not have time to read long paragraphs. However, academic reports may be lengthy depending on the lecturer instructions on word limit. Writing skills are significant in college, because what one learns in college is eventually used in the professional context to present information. In the professional context, writing is an important way of expressing ideas and information in the form of memo, research reports, presentations, and emails. In response to writing, Gareth highlights important tips that apply to both college and workforce writing. To Purdue University, grammar and vocabulary should be perfect to show intelligence. With this in mind, one is entitled to show the professionalism of the English language in writing, thus enabling one to understand the differences in workforc e writing and college writing. Writing is an important component of effective business practice because, it enables the business person to convey his ideas in various forms such as advertising and marketing to attract his target audience. ... Jae is deep in content since he has outlined how college writing tends to be structured as per professor requirement, whereas professional writing is flexible. I agree with this writer because; college students are instructed to write in various guidelines such as word length, writing styles such as MLA and APA among others. However, professional writers follow guidelines of accomplishing a job-related task that a time may be required to be in short paragraphs for easy reading. Response 2 I have chosen to apply for an administration manager post in the Walt Disney Company, the World’s leader in family entertainment. This company is well-known for the production of motion pictures, television network, and film studios amongst others. To be most appealing to this employer, I intend to present my presentation neatly and professionally. In doing this, I will emphasize on researching about the company and the job applied. I will express my interest for working in Walt Disney Compan y based on my pre-research, and put across how am impressed by the company’s success and growth. I will effectively present knowledge of the post am applying. In doing this, I will demonstrate my passion to work for Walt Disney Company. I will show my trust for this company to be the best place to exploit my skills and experiences for the gain of the company. There are various ways that I will demonstrate the skills I have that the employer is seeking. First, I will list all the requirements of an administrative manager am proficient in such as scheduling, organizing, planning, and supervising. In this case, I will customize the responsibilities as per the job post requirement to win

Huge and digital strategy-case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Huge and digital strategy-case - Essay Example Retainer relationships can maintain these specific preferences of HUGE. 2. Long-term profits through long-term relations. Retainer relationships can result to long-term profits because clients can eventually see HUGE as a strategic partner for their overall growth. HUGE can reap greater revenues, if it becomes integral to their client’s strategic directions. Furthermore, long-term client relations can soon become a core competence. If these companies also grow, such as geographically and/or through offering new products and services, HUGE’s business will also grow with them. Their clients’ successes become intertwined with HUGE’s, thereby providing limitless opportunities for national and global growth. 3. Advancement of general view of the business as transformational and strategic. If HUGE is embedded into other companies in long-term retaining relations, companies might realize that digital marketing is not merely a reinforcement of traditional marketin g efforts, but a superior marketing edge. Shapiro and his staff assert that: â€Å"†¦everything will be digital† (Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis 7). ... 010 to 2016 2010 2013 2016 Social Media 988 2,760 4,995 E-Mail 1,328 1,875 2,468 Mobile 885 4,238 8,237 Display 9,347 16,085 27,600 Search 16,308 24,613 33,319 Source: Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis (14) Disadvantages. 1. Demand for capabilities that are not part of HUGE’s core competencies. Despite the advantages of retainer relationships, HUGE does not have existing capabilities that long-term relations entail. For instance, retainer means engaging in traditional digital marketing activities, such as display advertising and search marketing. HUGE does not have the competencies yet for these marketing channels. 2. Not related to market expansion. Retainer relationships may extend revenues per client, but it does not automatically bring in new clients. It does not allow HUGE to tap new markets or to exploit existing ones. 3. Not supportive of business model. HUGE wants to be the one-stop digital marketing firm. If it caters to the same clients, it is not growing that much at all, unless the same market grows. HUGE is not opening itself to prevailing market demand for search and display marketing, in particular, which is a mounting marketing field opportunity. Geographic Expansion Advantages. 1. Taps new markets with the same transformative needs. HUGE can tap foreign markets that have similar transformative needs. It does not have to veer far away from its business practices because it can find large, challenging projects in other countries. Some of the potential locations are Japan, UK, Norway, and Denmark. These nations have high numbers of citizens who have bought something online and a large percentage of firms with websites (Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis 19). 2. Expands markets in a geographical way. Geographic expansion can result to market expansion.

Born Black, Live Brave, Die Free

Born Black, Live Brave, Die Free Essay â€Å"Id rather die my way than live yours.†- Lauren Oliver. At some point in your life you have been put down, burdened, discouraged, or even depressed. Sometimes there are certain things you can do to help ease these human issues, but sometimes these issues are opportunities to be even better than you were before; this is so in Richard Wright’s case. In the novel Black Boy Richard Wright was in a constant state of oppression, whether he was encompassed by friends or foes; he was constantly put down, even if it was those who were supposed to always love him. Because of this continuous adversity in his life, Richard Wright gradually develops into a very independent, self-reliant and strong person. Through Richard Wright’s own experiences, maybe other individuals who are in the same situations of life can learn the dexterity of persistence and liberation as well. Throughout Richard’s life, he faces the need for a loving family to help and encourage him. However, they unknowingly help to form his independence. For instance, he has to be independent regarding his negligent father, whom abandons him and the rest of his family (16). Thereafter, Richard’s mother puts the responsibility on him to buy the family’s groceries; â€Å"One evening my mother told me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food.† â€Å"When I reached the corner, a gang of boys grabbed me, knocked me down, snatched the basket, took the money, and sent me running home in panic.† He is repeatedly beaten and robbed by a group of boys when he goes to the corner store to buy the groceries, and complains to his mother saying, â€Å"I’m scared,† or, â€Å"They’ll beat me; they’ll beat me.† She simply reacts by giving him a stick and telling him to fight them if they bother him again, in which he does (17-18). She attempts to make Richard tenacious and independent in this particular situation because she believes this is the only way he can survive. Although he was abandoned, afraid, and discouraged he still overcame all of that, initiating the development of his independence. In this instance in Wright’s life, he is almost forced to be independent because of the irresponsibility of his father. In life, arduous situations may cause an individual to have a lot more responsibility put on them. Think about a time in your life where you had to be responsible when things didn’t turn out to your liking. Responsibility forms independence. During most of Richard’s adolescent years, he is often disciplined through the church and religion mainly because of his grandmother and Aunt Addie. For instance when Richard said, â€Å"I could not get a job that would let me rest on Granny’s holy Sabbath.†(133), it showed that strict religion was enforced upon him stripping him of freedom to do things. However, Richard did not allow that to get in his way, and he took hold of his desires whether Granny liked it or not. Also, at very few moments during this time he comes very close to being influenced by religion; â€Å"While listening to the vivid language of the sermons I was pulled towards emotional belief, but as soon as I went out of the church †¦ I knew that none of it was true and that nothing would happen.†(102). This instance, and the many other instances where his grandmother had gotten people to attempt to influence Richard religiously, shows how uneasily influenced Richard is, and does not feel the need to agree with everyone else so that he can fit in. When Richard refuses the church and religion at all, he shows his independence and that he does not have be a part of something that he is indifferent about, no matter who may be attempting to influence him. Sometimes being disciplined by someone can also cause you to be independent, because you understand the responsibility of not â€Å"overstepping† boundaries; but, sometimes you must overstep them to prove that you are your own person. Finally, as a young boy it is recognized in the novel that Richard is not like most of the other people around him. He is a passionate reader and writer, and most of the people he lives and associates himself with are skeptical and puzzled at his hunger for knowledge. In one instance Richard writes a story, The Voodoo of Hell’s Half-Acre, and almost everyone he knows discourages his writing, except a newspaper editor (165-166). He learns to be independent from both his family and friends subjugation and discouragement of his writing. Also, when Richard joins the Communist Party they do not always except him, or the things that he does (ch.18). Once again Wright has been put down and suppressed, yet he remains the same. Sometimes being independent does not only make you responsible, disciplined, and individualistic, but a strong person altogether. If you cannot handle the adversities of life, you’ll never finish your journey and never really experience life for yourself. To conclude, Richard Wright has definitely proven through the novel Black Boy that he is a very independent individual. Wright is showing that the things that may be disguised as nothing but trouble are actually opportunities to grow into this thing we call a human being; this includes being an independent, self-reliant person. Through all of the disappointments, pain, and depressing times in his life he remained liberated and accepted the responsibilities he had to accomplish as a young man, which involved him even disciplining himself just to show his independence and maturity. Also, his independence developed who he wanted to be, and not what others wanted him to be. In the end the universal theme of this essay is that it is vitally important to be a self-sufficient, independent person and who you want to be, not who others want you to be, and knowing that adversities aren’t made to hurt you but to make you stronger. â€Å"Open your eyes look within. Are you satisfied with the life youre living?†- Bob Marley.

Women during the 1780s :: essays research papers

â€Å"Her name is Louise Pierce. She was born in 1770. She is able to perform all tasks around the house. Louise will be sold as a single slave today and I start bidding at five dollars.† That was the last thing Louise heard before my husband Thomas and I, Sarah bought her as our slave. Louise had no idea that she would be working a very low wage at all hours of the day. She was required to wake up at 6 am, prepare breakfast followed by doing the wash until lunch, which she prepared. After lunch, Louise was to clean the kitchen, run any errands of my choice and begin preparing dinner with myself. She usually stopped working around 9 pm, which is when Thomas and I would reside for the night. Although Louise was only 15, she was very smart and intuitive. She was able to sew, cook, clean, and manage our household very well for being so young. Louise had the potential to be a very smart young lady but unfortunately due to her skin color, she was not allowed to be educated. My husband Thomas is a very old fashioned man who believed in whites holding all the power in our nation. He would never see it in any other light. I think most of his oppression comes from fighting in the revolutionary war. He clearly showed his views through his actions towards our slaves. He would physically abuse Louise if she were to speak when she wasn’t spoken to or mess up on any sort of task. I never defended Louise but I felt her pain in my heart. I would not dare speak out against my husband. His views were my views and even If I felt different, I had no place saying it as nothing would come of it anyway. Thomas never wanted children. He is too selfish with his money. Our tobacco plantation is probably one of the best around our parts. Thomas isn’t exactly subtle when it comes to being humble about our money either. We are very well known as Thomas is a member of many political and social groups. We both attend church every Sunday in our best outfits and host dinner parties annually. Life wasn’t as grand as it looked on the outside. Thomas and I had different views on life. He was for slavery and white supremacy and I believed in equal rights for all human beings.

A Sympathetic Antonio in Hector Tobar’s The Tattooed Soldier

A Sympathetic Antonio in Hector Tobar's The Tattooed Soldier BY ant28 Sympathetic Antonio In Hector Tobar's novel, The Tattooed Soldier, many of the characters experience unpleasant situations. These include homelessness, Joblessness, and murder. These unpleasant situations lead to negativity in their lives, and this negativity can evoke feelings of sympathy. Of all the characters in Tobar's novel, I believe Antonio deserves the greatest amount of sympathy because he lives a life of constant despair and is often treated unfairly, which is like a trap from which he cannot escape.Antonio's wife and son, Elena and Carlos, are killed by Longoria. In the chapter, Fire Escape†, on page 183, it states â€Å"l did not bury my wife and child, but I can stand and seek vengeance, for them and for the many, for the anonymous dead†. â€Å"Now Antonio knew how Elena must have felt when she marched in the demonstrations. Now he could see why she was a revolutionary, he could understan d what had been a mystery before†. â€Å"This is how Elena felt, tall and strong. This is what she was trying to tell me, but I wouldn't listen. Elena knew that to march with the many was to stand tall.Elena loved me because she knew I could be a brave fghter† (Tobar 183). This shows that Antonio is upset because his wife Elena and his son Carlitos are killed. Elena had written a complaint letter to the government because people were dying due to the filthy water caused by the garbage that people dumped onto it. She requested that the changes should be made in a nearby city. She was also famous for making her points clear. The Guatemalan government sent a soldier named Longoria to kill Antonio and Elena for complaining to the fascist government and they found it to be a threat.Their family have been suspected of being informer immigrants and are being hunted down. Antonio escaped death by being at work when his family was killed. After the death of his wife, Antonio had no choice but to escape from there if he wanted to live. He ran away to Los Angeles, hoping for a better life. Instead, Just the opposite occurred. Antonio felt sad due to the fact he was facing many hardships and has difficulties living. In Los Angeles, Antonio saw poverty and despair everywhere he went He was poor, had no Job, and no home. He became homeless because he was an immigrant.Antonio was an immigrant who didn't know that much English. He used to be a middle class government worker in Guatemala. When Antonio came to Los Angeles, everything he knew became useless. It was like this for him since he couldn't communicate and he had to accept any Job that would help him earn money. He had to be in this situation if he did not want to be killed. He was living in a hotel but eventually he got kicked out of it and had to go live on the streets. In the chapter, â€Å"Fire Escape†, on page 183, it states that â€Å"Antonio would stay in Los Angeles and track down the tatto oed soldier and make him pay for his crimes.He would kill this man with his own hands† ( Tobar 183). In the chapter, Department of Sanitation, on page 228, it states that â€Å"l have been living this way, less than human, for longer than I can remember. I have been wearing the helmet of mourning and self-pity too long. I am living in the streets, under the starless sky. I am homeless† (Tobar 22 In the chapter, â€Å"Department ot Sanitation†, on page states that â€Å"there is a balance between us. We are opposites balancing a scale, we are mathematics. I am tall, he is short. I live under the sky, he lives under the roof.He as a girlfriend, I live alone. He has a Job, I do not. He is the killer, I am his victim. † (Tobar 229). In the chapter, Department of Sanitation, on page 232, â€Å"it also states â€Å"In a matter of moments their shelter had been reduced to a tidy patch of dirt. After the police left, after he had listened to their final warning to â€Å"stay off this property', Antonio went back to the lot and examined the ground, walking slowly in a growing spiral. There was nothing to be found but the bumpy soil beneath his feet, the crisscross of the bulldozer's long tracks, the wounds gouged by the shovel† (Tobar 32).These are the three ways it shows that he is facing poverty and despair. Homelessness is why Antonio became the man he is. Antonio felt as if he had really lost everything. He had lost the family he had, his life in Guatemala, and now his apartment in Los Angeles. Antonio felt that being on the streets downtown made him feel braver than he had ever felt because he made choices that he most likely would never have made if he lived in his old apartment in Los Angeles. Antonio lets out his anger on an elderly man who attempts to steal a hot plate pan from a large trash bag f their belongings from his old apartment.Antonio runs after the old man and punches him multiple times. â€Å"Antonio drove his f ist into the man's face, the nose cartilage snapping under his knuckles. Another punch this one like hammering nails into the ground, a clenched fist to the temple. A weak scream from the thief, and then one more punch, to the mouth†. He felt ashamed and embarrassed of what he did to the old man, unlike Longoria who feels more alive after his savage acts. Antonio eventually blames his actions on the surroundings. Antonio becomes determined to ill Longoria and begins to watch Longoria's every move.He has the desire to kill Longoria for many reasons and wants to get rid of him. Eventually, under many conditions, Antonio does manage to meet Frank, another homeless man who is an African American on the streets of Los Angeles. As they both move from place to place, they spot Longoria. This sighting evokes feelings of sadness in Antonio, and asks Frank to help him get revenge. Frank is hesitant at first to assist Antonio but then does because he hears that Longoria can be similar to a Nazi, and doesn't think again and offers to help.Just a few feet from the soldier, he raised the pipe in the air, lifting his arms and rotating his shoulders like a baseball pitcher in his windup, gathering a wave of strength in his muscles to kill the man once and for all, to rid the earth of him(Tobar 208). This is because Antonio came into his anger and tried to attack Longoria while he is at the park, playing chess with his friends. Antonio felt that he made his extinct baby and wife proud of him by doing this revenge. He also purchased a gun to ensure himself that he would take the life of Longoria and make no mistakes while doing so.

Explain How An Organisation Can Cost A Product And Determine Its Price At Any Activity Level

You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice: 1. Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs 2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why. You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice:Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why.You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice: 1. Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs 2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why.You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice: 1. Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs 2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why. You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice: 1. Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs 2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why.You may wish to choose a business you already have knowledge of from trips or your part-time employer. For a product of your choice: 1. Clearly explain the main cost elements and the nature of those costs – define and give relevant examples of variable, fixed, semi-variable, direct and indirect costs 2. Suggest the weekly production level and a breakdown of costs for one product from your chosen business. Then calculate the marginal and absorption costs per unit. 3. Describe at least 2 methods of setting the price, including cost-plus pricing. Then suggest which method is best suited to your chosen business’ product and why.

Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Essays

Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Essays Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Paper Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Paper In brand marketing, the term cannibalization refers to a new product eating into the profits of a current product from the same company. Its a fairly common business strategy, and while the idea of cannibalizing your own product sounds bad, it can actually be a successful business practice. In 2010 for example, when Apple introduced the iPad, it took sales away from the original Mac computer. However, the iPad ultimately led to an expanded market for consumer computing hardware and was quite a successful venture for Apple. Brand management is a process that involves every part, bit and employee of the company to capture the true essence of the brand. Brand Value cannot be built in a day. It is a long process of building inseparable attributes in consumers mind. Consumers take time to adjust and bond well with a brand. They, like any other child, need to be taken care of, served well and be communicated as well as educated with the correct knowledge at every touch point. Over a period of time, as the brand ages, the loyalty within their minds evolve into an inseparable bond. Hence, brand Value cannot be created by the company alone; it requires to be co-created by the consumers too. The process of brand management is not the role of the marketing department but of the top management of the company. The paper will discuss the theory of creating a brand strategy for a company as a tool for managing a brand and developing it. Now at Present the role of branding is of great importance in the business world and its role is quite hard to ignore. Branding helps differentiate goods or services of one firm from another. It is because of branding that customers are able to identify and prefer the products and services of one firm over another. The paper will examine a uniform knowledge of what the brand stands for and how it will be communicated to the general public and serve as a framework for strategic decision-making for the company management and employees. Brands are in stores, in advertisements, television commercials and with the internet, they are everywhere we look, while browsing through the vast networks of our interests. In brand management, brand contains manager-based and customer-based functions. Brand managers usually stand from the marketer’s and the firm’s perspectives, stressing the perceptions they accrue to a brand to promote products, differentiate companies from their competitors and satisfy short-term commercial goals [5, 6]. From the customer’s point of view, brands not only sign to differentiate products from competing goods but also a semiotic engine producing meaning and values [13]. Therefore a brand is the product as it is experienced and valued in social life, and branding refers to all the activities that shape customer perceptions, particularly the firm’s activities. Today brand management’s importance lays company†²s outside the business itself, in the minds of potent ial buyers [16]. These values of brands are reflected in the, anchors of company. Products are introduced, they live and disappear but brands never ended [16]. The term brand holds multiple meanings. According to John Murphy, founder of Interbrand, a brand is not only an actual product, but also the unique property of a specific owner. Brands are increasingly considered to be the primary capital in many businesses. Sterne [26] argues that a brand is not a name. A brand is not a positioning statement. It is not a marketing message. It is a promise made by a company to its customers and supported by that company. Sterne’s statement indicated a phenomenon of how consumers give their passion and loyalty to a brand. We can explain this phenomenon in a more straight forward way via taking an example of Apple. Apple maintains its consumers by creating a brand connecting with an image of imagination, design and innovation, which is the key to its survival. This phenomenon indicates a brand has an additional value that enables marketers to maintain current consumers and attract new consumers. This value is brand equity. Brand equity means raising brand awareness, maintaining brand loyalty, building up positive associations about brand, and spread product or service information via words-of-mouth communication. How to achieve these goals via optimizing of brand management resources becomes the challenge for today’s marketers [1]. Hence, the paper begins by giving a background of the happening of brand and brand equity valuation are the centre of interest of both academic and business experts in today’s world. The paper also highlights how a company can build, and use a brand in order to obtain and sustain the competitive advantage in the market place. Therefore a brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. Branding is the main important strategy of any business. Branding or Brand is not important only for companies but it takes equal importance for customers. Brand for customers will indicate commitment towards quality from sellers there by reducing time spent in coming to a purchase decision. Brand for companies will indicate a sort of benchmark in quality as well as customer expectation, a point of differentiation from competitors and a steady stream of profit. The brand value can be shown in to four dimensions like Reputation Value, Relationship Value, Experiential Value, and Symbolic Value. Working with a scarcity mentality will help maximize returns for every dollar spent by answering the question, Is this the best way to spend dollars on marketing my brand, or is this money better spent elsewhere to generate greater returns? Like Starbucks, instead of spending money on TV advertising, clusters an area with its stores, increasing total revenue and market share. This was contrary to what established retailing houses did, which was to avoid placing stores near each other so as not to cannibalize sales at existing outlets. For Starbucks, doing so resulted in reduced supply costs and made management of the stores cheaper, which more than made up for sales lost to cannibalization. Thus, funding for expansion from internal cash flow was a judicious use of money. Until recently, Starbucks spent just 1% of its revenues on marketing and advertising (compared to more than 10% for companies of the same size).

10 Radon Facts (Rn or Atomic Number 86)

10 Radon Facts (Rn or Atomic Number 86) Radon is a natural radioactive element with the element symbol Rn and atomic number 86. Here are 10 radon facts. Knowing them could even save your life. Fast Facts: Radon Element Name: RadonElement Symbol: RnAtomic Number: 86Element Group: Group 18 (Noble Gas)Period: Period 6Appearance: Colorless Gas Radon is a colorless, odorless, and flavorless gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. Radon is radioactive and decays into other radioactive and toxic elements. Radon occurs in nature as the decay product of uranium, radium, thorium, and other radioactive elements. There are 33 known isotopes of radon. Rn-226 is the most common of these. It is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 1601 years. None of the isotopes of radon are stable.Radon is present in the Earths crust at an abundance of  4 x10-13  milligrams per kilogram. It is always present outdoors and in drinking water from natural sources, but at a low level in open areas. Its mainly a problem in enclosed spaces, such as indoors or in a mine.The US EPA estimates the average indoor radon concentration is 1.3 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Its estimated approximately 1 in 15 homes in the US has high radon, which is 4.0 pCi/L or higher. High radon levels been found in every state of the United States. Radon comes from the soi l, water, and water supply. Some building materials also release radon, such as concrete, granite countertops, and wall boards. Its a myth that only older homes or ones of a certain design are susceptible to high radon levels, as the concentration depends on many factors. Because it is heavy, the gas does tend to accumulate in low-lying areas. Radon test kits can detect high levels of radon, which can generally be mitigated fairly easily and inexpensively once the threat is known. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer overall (after smoking) and the leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. Some studies link radon exposure to childhood leukemia. The element emits alpha particles, which are not able to penetrate skin, but can react with cells when the element is inhaled. Because it is monatomic, radon is able to penetrate most materials and disperses readily from its source.Some studies indicate children are at higher risk from radon exposure than adults, probably because they have more rapidly dividing cells, so genetic damage is more serious. Also, children have a higher metabolic rate.The element radon has gone by other names. It was one of the first radioactive elements that was discovered. Fredrich E. Dorn described radon gas in 1900. He called it radium emanation because the gas came from the radium sample he was studying. William Ramsay and Robert Gray first isolated radon in 1908. They named the element niton. In 1923, the name changed to radon, after radium, one of its sources and the element involved in its discovery. Radon is a noble gas, which means it has a stable outer electron shell. For this reason, radon does not readily form chemical compounds. The element is considered chemical inert and monatomic. However, it has been known to react with fluorine to form a fluoride. Radon clathrates are also known. Radon is one of the densest gases and is the heaviest. Radon is 9 times heavier than air.Although gaseous radon is invisible, when the element is cooled below its freezing point (−96  °F or −71  °C), it emits bright luminescence that changes from yellow to orange-red as the temperature is lowered.There are some practical uses of radon. At one time, the gas was used for radiotherapy cancer treatment. It used to be used in spas, when people thought it might confer medical benefits. The gas is present in some natural spas, such as the hot springs around Hot Springs, Arkansas. Now, radon is mainly used as a radioactive label to study surface chemical reactions and to initiate react ions.While radon is not considered a commercial product, it may be produced by isolating gases off of a radium salt. The gas mixture can then be sparked to combine hydrogen and oxygen, removing them as water. Carbon dioxide is removed by adsorption. Then, radon may be isolated from nitrogen by freezing out the radon. Sources Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110Kusky, Timothy M. (2003). Geological Hazards: A Sourcebook. Greenwood Press. pp. 236–239. ISBN 9781573564694.

Marketing Analysis of Porsche Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Analysis of Porsche - Case Study Example The traditional Porsche customer typically consists of a small group of financially successful and high achievers in their field of work. They see themselves apart from the real world, which inspires people to different levels (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012, pg 186). They are also achievers and is conscious of their status. The buyer of a Cayenne or a Panamera, on the other hand, is one that has moved into a new life stage that needs to haul more people and stuff but still maintains its exclusivity and still fit the achiever profile of a regular Porsche buyer. They are the same successful people who may have settled down to have a family and thus wanted to have a bigger car for their family without losing their sense of exclusivity. In the case of emerging market such as China, the Cayenne and Panamera customers consider the car to be stylish but who may also enable to make a quick getaway if necessary. The concept from the chapter that explains why Porsche sold so many lower-priced models in the 1970s and 1980s is the concept of creating and capturing customer value. Its management thought that there were not enough buyers to keep the company afloat and begun to worry about the quirky nature of their traditional customs. So they created the entry-level Porsche 914 and 944 as lower-priced models. This strategy was an attempt to create more customers by offering value to them as explained in part 1 of the book. The management thought that by offering more value to the lower segment of the market, they would expand their customer base through scale and thus, keep the company afloat.Experience, however, has shown that this strategy backfired because it undermines the exclusivity appeal of the Porsche brand.Porsche’s brand appeal lies in its exclusivity.   This however elicited a positive and negative attitude toward the brand by its customers.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Economics - Essay Example There is an inverse relationship between a country’s current account and its foreign debt, all things remaining equal. This can be observed from the current account and foreign debt statistics of Australia, in the current year. In the year 2009 there is a deficit in Australia’s current account. This is because of a continued rise in its net foreign debt which results in a negative impact on a country’s current account. As shown in the figure below – the total current account deficit for the year 2009 amounts to $6346 million. Revenue gains received by a country help in increasing the balance in its current account while excessive expenditure leads to a deficit. Thus, if a country imports more goods and services than the goods and services it exports, it leads to a deficit in its current account and vice versa (Daly, 2004). The above figure shows an increase in Australia’s net foreign debt, over the years from $506,355 million in 2006- 07 to $616,650 million in 2008 – 09 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009), thus indicating that its exports far exceeds its imports, and the savings are relatively lower as well. Thus, it can be said that there is an inverse relationship between current account deficit and foreign debt of a country, as the foreign debt increases, with savings remaining constant, there is a deficit in the current account while, a reduction in foreign debt, increase in exports, increase in savings, etc would lead to a surplus in the country’s current account. Another significant relationship between CAD (current account deficit) and foreign debt of a country is the fact that as the country experiences a CAD it leads to an increase in foreign borrowings, which is required to pay off the deficit, which ultimately leads to a further increase in foreign debt. As the fore ign debt rises, the interest on it rises simultaneously,